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good afternoon i'm stephanie shearholtz

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from nasa's office of communications and

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we're here today at nasa's kennedy space

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center to talk with scientists and

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researchers about the important studies

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they will be conducting aboard the

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international space station in

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microgravity

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tomorrow at 4 33 pm eastern time spacex

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will launch its sixth commercial

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resupply services mission to the

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international space station it will

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carry more than 4 300 pounds of supplies

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and payloads including critical

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materials to support about 40 of the 250

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experiments and investigations that will

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take place during expeditions 43 and 44.

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here to talk with us today about some of

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those science investigations

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are dr kirk costello international space

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station deputy chief scientist at nasa's

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johnson space center

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dr mike roberts senior research pathway

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manager for the center for the

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advancement of science in space known as

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cases

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dr paul reichert principal investigator

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for protein crystal growth 3 for merck

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research

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laboratories and dr lenoir rasmussen

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principal investigator for the synthetic

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muscle for prosthetics and robotics

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investigation from ras labs

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our intent today is to enable a

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discussion so we'll take questions

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throughout if you would like to ask a

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question please raise your hand get my

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attention

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we'll start with both dr costello and dr

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roberts talking about the partnership

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between nasa and the international space

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station and kasis and the national

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laboratory so um can you tell us a

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little bit about national lab and the

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space station program's goal in

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developing this relationship with cases

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sure thank you stephanie

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in 2005 congress designated the iss as a

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national laboratory the purpose of doing

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so was to make those resources available

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to our nation's researchers

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not just anymore to do research to

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better

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the understanding of how we explore our

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universe and human exploration in space

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but also to enable research that really

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does pay benefits for the human

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earthbound citizen

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so with that in mind

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nasa and cases have two

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different goals but we're utilizing the

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same laboratory space

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cases is the manager for the national

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lab and as such they manage all of the

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research projects that really have as

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their main objective bettering our lives

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here on earth

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and what types of research can we do in

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space to really benefit humans on earth

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that's a great question

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so

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in space particularly in low earth orbit

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we have microgravity

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a microgravity environment in a

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microgravity environment there is no

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convection driven buoyancy forces

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that means fluids behave very

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differently

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that different behavior affects all

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fluidic systems whether those are

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material science type investigations

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we're doing and uh we want to see things

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not sediment out or develop more slowly

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over time as in protein crystallography

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and and crystallization

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or uh un systems cellular systems how it

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affects our biology

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those are two great uses that can

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translate to our human

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benefits back here on earth whether

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we're looking at various disease vectors

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and how they respond

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differently in space and identifying new

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pathways to attack those we're looking

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at material science type investigations

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to develop new materials for production

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back here on earth we also have exposure

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to the space environment and that

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capability allows us to launch cubesats

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and other small payloads

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to do technology development and again

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to look at the earth and provide that

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return earth imaging for us

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and dr roberts we've been discussing a

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couple of cases payloads already we'll

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be discussing two more can you talk to

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us about how these studies get selected

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and how long it takes

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certainly stephanie so as as dr costello

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mentioned you know cases perspective is

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slightly different

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than that of nasa in utilizing the

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international space station national lab

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we like to look at it as the

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international space station is is one

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destination but we have many uses for it

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and in the case of cases our selection

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process is based on identifying research

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and technology development that

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translates the benefit here on earth

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nasa continues to fund and support

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research investigations along that line

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but they also use the international

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space station as a launching off point

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to go further into space

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cases however focuses directly on

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benefit here on earth

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so in selecting payloads that have

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access to that our goal at ksis is to

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increase the ability

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of researchers here in the united states

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to utilize the international space

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station as a national lab

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and in doing that our focus is in

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reaching out to new to space

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investigators as well as established

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investigators from academic schools from

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research universities from commercial

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interest and from other government

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agencies and you're going to hear

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shortly examples from a couple of

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different

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commercial entities who are interested

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in in one case continuing to use the

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international space station

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as a research environment and another

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case from a company that's new to space

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that perhaps had not considered the use

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of space as an active research

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environment until the international

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space station was designated a national

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lab

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in order to fulfill our promise to the

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united states to increase utilization of

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the international space station and

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manage effectively the resources onboard

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the international space station national

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lab we have a selection process so

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proposals to utilize the international

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space station national lab can come to

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cases through either solicited avenues

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where we identify particular areas of

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research we want to support or through

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unsolicited pathways

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where you as an investigator identify a

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particular area of research or

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technology development that you believe

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could benefit from exposure to the

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unique environment onboard the

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international space station

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great do we have questions from group

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elaine hermann spaceheadnews.com

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i was wondering um there's always been

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concern about the supplies and uh having

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the space station fully supplied

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uh we're setting up on this mission uh

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the trunk is uh that's unpressurized on

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crs6 is empty i was wondering if

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there was any comment on that

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sure

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that's a very good question great

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observation

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but we're actually flying the trunk

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empty on this flight and eight in order

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to enable more science on board

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and the the reason behind that is we

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have a national lab investigation called

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rodent research two

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and during this investigation will be uh

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there's a follow-on investigation for

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novartis that cases is managing and this

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investigation requires a significant

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amount of crew time

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when we did have plans to

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fly a payload in the trunk that payload

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would have taken significant amounts of

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time to install on orbit as part of our

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international docking adapter system

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so instead the program manager made a

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command decision to move that payload to

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the next spacex mission

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and we are able to dedicate that crew

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time now to conducting the rodent

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research which of course has very tight

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time controls on when those operations

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occur on orbit

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i think there's another question here

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jim siegel i'm with the celebration news

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and with space flight insider i have a

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question about the fact that congress

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has designated

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the iss as a

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national laboratory so what are the

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implications of that does that mean that

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there's more funding or that there is

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more access to it or so what does the

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average person

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why should that be important

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thank you that's a very good question

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and the answer to both of those is yes

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cases was created with funding annual

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funding provided by nasa the intent

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though is to wean ourselves off of that

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funding as we mature as an organization

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and part of that is going out to

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industry to increase interest and the

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use of the international space station

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as a national laboratory as i'm sure

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most of the audience is familiar

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national labs are a designation given to

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several labs across the united states

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primarily operated by contractors

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supporting the department of energy or

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department of defense in that case the

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international space station is operating

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in a similar way as a national lab the

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national labs were created to support

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research and technology development not

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only for government researchers but for

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academic researchers and commercial

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researchers who needed access to unique

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aspects usually equipment or facilities

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that were too expensive to maintain for

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certain operations there in that case

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the international space station

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represents a very unique a unique

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environment a unique platform

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that has been accessible to other

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government agencies and commercial

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investigators prior to the existence of

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the international space station even on

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the space shuttle

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but it was primarily pi driven

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hypothesis testing and it was sometimes

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difficult for researchers from other

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government agencies

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to develop their research in a timely

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manner in order to utilize that those

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unique aspects of that environment with

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the designation of the international

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space station as a national lab there

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are new pathways that are opened and

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with the selection of cases as a 501c3

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we are a non-profit organization

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we can interact with business with

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industry with other government agencies

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in ways that nasa could not previously

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so the goal is to build the ability to

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utilize the station by leveraging the

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funding that nasa has invested that we

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as taxpayers have invested in nasa to

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create the international space station

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and to build an even larger research and

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technology development portfolio by

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utilizing funding provided by industry

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and directly from other government

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agencies for example one of the

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investigations on this particular

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mission is funded primarily by the

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national institutes of health and that

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investigation is sponsored by cases but

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involves significant funding not only

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from nasa and cases but also from the

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national institutes of health to the

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primary investigator and that's the type

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of model that will be built upon by

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other government agencies as we move

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forward including the department of

289
00:10:55,670 --> 00:10:53,760
defense

290
00:10:56,870 --> 00:10:55,680
national science foundation and other

291
00:10:59,590 --> 00:10:56,880
institutes within the national

292
00:11:01,670 --> 00:10:59,600
institutes of health

293
00:11:02,470 --> 00:11:01,680
ken had a question

294
00:11:03,990 --> 00:11:02,480
hi

295
00:11:05,509 --> 00:11:04,000
ken kramer for america's space and

296
00:11:07,269 --> 00:11:05,519
universe today i just want to follow up

297
00:11:08,389 --> 00:11:07,279
a little bit on on mark's question

298
00:11:10,870 --> 00:11:08,399
actually

299
00:11:13,030 --> 00:11:10,880
the payload if i'm not mistaken on this

300
00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:13,040
on this flight is a little bit less i

301
00:11:16,470 --> 00:11:14,800
think on the last crs flight in the

302
00:11:17,350 --> 00:11:16,480
previous there was about five thousand

303
00:11:21,590 --> 00:11:17,360
pounds

304
00:11:23,509 --> 00:11:21,600
so as you don't have anything in the

305
00:11:25,269 --> 00:11:23,519
trunk i i'm wondering since you didn't

306
00:11:27,990 --> 00:11:25,279
put anything in there

307
00:11:29,269 --> 00:11:28,000
first why is the weight less and and

308
00:11:31,910 --> 00:11:29,279
were you able

309
00:11:34,790 --> 00:11:31,920
to pack more into the dragon capsule

310
00:11:36,630 --> 00:11:34,800
itself since you did not put anything um

311
00:11:37,990 --> 00:11:36,640
in into the trunk

312
00:11:40,470 --> 00:11:38,000
thanks

313
00:11:43,269 --> 00:11:40,480
okay uh that's an interesting question

314
00:11:45,590 --> 00:11:43,279
of of course mass is not the only

315
00:11:48,230 --> 00:11:45,600
measure when you talk about installing

316
00:11:50,870 --> 00:11:48,240
cargo in a pressurized vehicle it's also

317
00:11:53,670 --> 00:11:50,880
a volumetric challenge so

318
00:11:56,949 --> 00:11:53,680
depending on the type of

319
00:11:59,269 --> 00:11:56,959
equipment resupplies cargo science we're

320
00:12:01,590 --> 00:11:59,279
bringing to station you get a different

321
00:12:04,150 --> 00:12:01,600
volume and in this case we've volumed

322
00:12:06,310 --> 00:12:04,160
out before we've hit our mass limits for

323
00:12:08,550 --> 00:12:06,320
for the spacex

324
00:12:11,590 --> 00:12:08,560
in this case though we are resupplying

325
00:12:13,509 --> 00:12:11,600
the space station with a large amount of

326
00:12:15,509 --> 00:12:13,519
crew resupply

327
00:12:17,509 --> 00:12:15,519
water and

328
00:12:20,470 --> 00:12:17,519
other items that the crew need to live

329
00:12:23,430 --> 00:12:20,480
and breathe on the space station and

330
00:12:26,069 --> 00:12:23,440
a large amount of science payload

331
00:12:28,629 --> 00:12:26,079
that that science payload is supporting

332
00:12:30,949 --> 00:12:28,639
around 40 of the investigations

333
00:12:32,470 --> 00:12:30,959
the 95 new investigations that we have

334
00:12:34,629 --> 00:12:32,480
this increment

335
00:12:36,829 --> 00:12:34,639
and that's that's a significant

336
00:12:38,470 --> 00:12:36,839
contribution for us

337
00:12:40,389 --> 00:12:38,480
again

338
00:12:42,150 --> 00:12:40,399
the the spacex

339
00:12:44,389 --> 00:12:42,160
is the only vehicle that provides us a

340
00:12:47,030 --> 00:12:44,399
down mass capability as well

341
00:12:49,269 --> 00:12:47,040
so we're looking forward to this spacex

342
00:12:51,190 --> 00:12:49,279
this dragon capsule docking so that we

343
00:12:53,670 --> 00:12:51,200
can not only conduct the research that

344
00:12:55,509 --> 00:12:53,680
it has on board but return those samples

345
00:12:57,190 --> 00:12:55,519
while they're still viable

346
00:12:59,509 --> 00:12:57,200
there's a question here

347
00:13:01,509 --> 00:12:59,519
hi michael doherty from the save sci-fi

348
00:13:03,190 --> 00:13:01,519
facebook page facebook page with here

349
00:13:05,509 --> 00:13:03,200
with the nasa social

350
00:13:07,750 --> 00:13:05,519
um before we get into any more very

351
00:13:09,350 --> 00:13:07,760
specifics i did want to ask a general

352
00:13:11,590 --> 00:13:09,360
question about the space station and the

353
00:13:13,030 --> 00:13:11,600
experiments done on it by cases and

354
00:13:15,030 --> 00:13:13,040
nasa in general

355
00:13:17,110 --> 00:13:15,040
um we have you guys have some amazing

356
00:13:19,269 --> 00:13:17,120
experiments that are going to hopefully

357
00:13:21,750 --> 00:13:19,279
help solve a lot of you know problems

358
00:13:23,750 --> 00:13:21,760
climate wise disease-wise

359
00:13:26,069 --> 00:13:23,760
and in other ways

360
00:13:28,470 --> 00:13:26,079
what about the fact that this iss is

361
00:13:30,710 --> 00:13:28,480
being supposedly decommissioned in 2020

362
00:13:31,910 --> 00:13:30,720
what are the plans after that because

363
00:13:33,590 --> 00:13:31,920
how are you guys going to be doing those

364
00:13:35,750 --> 00:13:33,600
experiments in microgravity without the

365
00:13:37,190 --> 00:13:35,760
space station in orbit

366
00:13:40,470 --> 00:13:37,200
okay

367
00:13:43,110 --> 00:13:40,480
first off the iss was extended to

368
00:13:45,670 --> 00:13:43,120
operate through 2024

369
00:13:47,829 --> 00:13:45,680
by the president earlier last year

370
00:13:50,069 --> 00:13:47,839
and we are still gathering our

371
00:13:52,310 --> 00:13:50,079
international partners cooperation to

372
00:13:54,710 --> 00:13:52,320
extend that date officially out to 2024

373
00:13:56,710 --> 00:13:54,720
with the whole partnership

374
00:13:59,430 --> 00:13:56,720
so we do have a little bit longer on the

375
00:14:01,829 --> 00:13:59,440
clock right now to go ahead and start

376
00:14:04,470 --> 00:14:01,839
you know really returning the investment

377
00:14:06,069 --> 00:14:04,480
of the american public in the science

378
00:14:07,590 --> 00:14:06,079
and the type of research that we can

379
00:14:10,230 --> 00:14:07,600
conduct on board

380
00:14:12,470 --> 00:14:10,240
there are hopes to go out further

381
00:14:15,509 --> 00:14:12,480
and to extend that again but for right

382
00:14:17,189 --> 00:14:15,519
now we are extended through 2024.

383
00:14:18,710 --> 00:14:17,199
and from case's perspective i'd just

384
00:14:20,949 --> 00:14:18,720
like to add that you know it's it's a

385
00:14:22,230 --> 00:14:20,959
platform unlike any other it's a unique

386
00:14:24,389 --> 00:14:22,240
national lab

387
00:14:26,550 --> 00:14:24,399
within our constellation of national

388
00:14:28,310 --> 00:14:26,560
labs across the united states and there

389
00:14:29,750 --> 00:14:28,320
has been a considerable investment from

390
00:14:31,430 --> 00:14:29,760
the u.s taxpayer as well as the

391
00:14:33,670 --> 00:14:31,440
international partners in building that

392
00:14:35,350 --> 00:14:33,680
so we are truly in the age of

393
00:14:37,430 --> 00:14:35,360
utilization of the international space

394
00:14:40,470 --> 00:14:37,440
station now and it's only the beginning

395
00:14:42,629 --> 00:14:40,480
we're seeking as an organization to

396
00:14:44,550 --> 00:14:42,639
create more demand than we can possibly

397
00:14:46,389 --> 00:14:44,560
support and then from that hopefully

398
00:14:48,790 --> 00:14:46,399
that will lead to further development of

399
00:14:50,550 --> 00:14:48,800
the next space station or improvement in

400
00:14:52,870 --> 00:14:50,560
existing capabilities on this space

401
00:14:54,389 --> 00:14:52,880
station the idea is to take it from this

402
00:14:56,389 --> 00:14:54,399
point and move forward and get the best

403
00:14:58,389 --> 00:14:56,399
science return from it that we can and i

404
00:15:02,550 --> 00:14:58,399
think we're making great progress in

405
00:15:06,310 --> 00:15:03,990
that leads directly to the question i

406
00:15:07,590 --> 00:15:06,320
wanted to ask is with the designation of

407
00:15:09,829 --> 00:15:07,600
the space station as a national

408
00:15:11,829 --> 00:15:09,839
laboratory how does that affect the fact

409
00:15:15,110 --> 00:15:11,839
that it is an international space

410
00:15:19,829 --> 00:15:17,269
well technically the the national

411
00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:19,839
laboratory designation means that those

412
00:15:25,430 --> 00:15:23,760
resources which are usos resources for

413
00:15:28,470 --> 00:15:25,440
nasa

414
00:15:30,550 --> 00:15:28,480
gets and gets shared between the cases

415
00:15:32,389 --> 00:15:30,560
research that's selected and the nasa

416
00:15:34,629 --> 00:15:32,399
research that's selected our

417
00:15:37,030 --> 00:15:34,639
international partners have rights to

418
00:15:38,949 --> 00:15:37,040
certain portions or allocations of the

419
00:15:40,949 --> 00:15:38,959
research capability of the station and

420
00:15:43,430 --> 00:15:40,959
they maintain those

421
00:15:45,030 --> 00:15:43,440
but between the national lab science

422
00:15:48,470 --> 00:15:45,040
that's selected in the nasa science

423
00:15:50,389 --> 00:15:48,480
that's selected we share our resources

424
00:15:51,990 --> 00:15:50,399
we're also working very hard to

425
00:15:54,710 --> 00:15:52,000
collaborate with our international

426
00:15:57,829 --> 00:15:54,720
partners on more and more investigations

427
00:15:59,670 --> 00:15:57,839
to conduct international research and to

428
00:16:02,230 --> 00:15:59,680
collaborate where appropriate between

429
00:16:04,790 --> 00:16:02,240
the nasa science program and the cases

430
00:16:06,310 --> 00:16:04,800
science program

431
00:16:09,509 --> 00:16:06,320
james

432
00:16:11,430 --> 00:16:09,519
costello i just want to follow up in

433
00:16:12,310 --> 00:16:11,440
your comment about uh road and research

434
00:16:13,829 --> 00:16:12,320
2

435
00:16:15,269 --> 00:16:13,839
um requiring more time i was just

436
00:16:17,670 --> 00:16:15,279
wondering if you could discuss a little

437
00:16:19,590 --> 00:16:17,680
more about what's different from

438
00:16:21,030 --> 00:16:19,600
this roadm flight from the last one i

439
00:16:22,629 --> 00:16:21,040
was just trying to

440
00:16:23,430 --> 00:16:22,639
look it up quickly and there's reference

441
00:16:26,629 --> 00:16:23,440
to

442
00:16:27,590 --> 00:16:26,639
dissection of the rodents and i was

443
00:16:28,710 --> 00:16:27,600
wondering if that's something is that

444
00:16:30,949 --> 00:16:28,720
something that astronauts are actually

445
00:16:33,670 --> 00:16:30,959
going to have to do and if so is that

446
00:16:35,829 --> 00:16:33,680
would that be a first

447
00:16:37,189 --> 00:16:35,839
that is true the astronauts do dissect

448
00:16:39,430 --> 00:16:37,199
the animals

449
00:16:41,350 --> 00:16:39,440
at the end of the investigation that is

450
00:16:43,189 --> 00:16:41,360
not a first on orbit it was conducted

451
00:16:45,910 --> 00:16:43,199
during the first rodent research mission

452
00:16:47,509 --> 00:16:45,920
as well what is new to operations in

453
00:16:49,910 --> 00:16:47,519
this investigation are that the

454
00:16:52,629 --> 00:16:49,920
astronauts will also be doing

455
00:16:54,550 --> 00:16:52,639
dexa bone densitometry studies on the

456
00:16:57,189 --> 00:16:54,560
rodents so

457
00:16:59,189 --> 00:16:57,199
as part of the investigation the animals

458
00:17:01,509 --> 00:16:59,199
will be taken out and x-rayed for bone

459
00:17:05,189 --> 00:17:01,519
density and then returned to the habitat

460
00:17:06,870 --> 00:17:05,199
before they're dissected

461
00:17:09,110 --> 00:17:06,880
and if i could add that's a time course

462
00:17:10,870 --> 00:17:09,120
study this is an investigation

463
00:17:12,789 --> 00:17:10,880
that's sponsored by cases for one of our

464
00:17:14,789 --> 00:17:12,799
commercial customers novartis institutes

465
00:17:17,029 --> 00:17:14,799
of biomedical research in cambridge in

466
00:17:19,270 --> 00:17:17,039
boston and their interest is in looking

467
00:17:21,110 --> 00:17:19,280
at a longitudinal study so they're going

468
00:17:22,630 --> 00:17:21,120
to be able to collect data from the mice

469
00:17:25,110 --> 00:17:22,640
with cumulative exposure to the

470
00:17:26,230 --> 00:17:25,120
microgravity environment onboard station

471
00:17:27,909 --> 00:17:26,240
so they're actually going to be able to

472
00:17:29,909 --> 00:17:27,919
perform dexa scans these bone

473
00:17:32,789 --> 00:17:29,919
densatometry scans

474
00:17:34,310 --> 00:17:32,799
in mice as they age upon

475
00:17:36,230 --> 00:17:34,320
an exposure to the microgravity

476
00:17:38,710 --> 00:17:36,240
environment so they'll be taking

477
00:17:41,270 --> 00:17:38,720
readings of loss of bone mineral density

478
00:17:42,950 --> 00:17:41,280
in these mice and muscle atrophy

479
00:17:47,270 --> 00:17:42,960
as they're exposed to the space

480
00:17:50,230 --> 00:17:47,280
environment for longer periods of time

481
00:17:52,470 --> 00:17:50,240
any other questions before we move on

482
00:17:55,430 --> 00:17:52,480
okay great so we'll move on to dr paul

483
00:17:58,630 --> 00:17:55,440
reichert who it has the protein crystal

484
00:18:00,549 --> 00:17:58,640
growth 3 study he's an experienced space

485
00:18:02,950 --> 00:18:00,559
research researcher who had

486
00:18:04,630 --> 00:18:02,960
investigations flown on 11 space shuttle

487
00:18:06,310 --> 00:18:04,640
missions as well

488
00:18:07,990 --> 00:18:06,320
so can you tell us a little bit about

489
00:18:10,549 --> 00:18:08,000
how your experiments vary from other

490
00:18:13,750 --> 00:18:10,559
protein crystal growth experiments

491
00:18:15,669 --> 00:18:13,760
i think most uh previous protein crystal

492
00:18:18,390 --> 00:18:15,679
growth experiments the

493
00:18:20,310 --> 00:18:18,400
main focus was on getting large single

494
00:18:22,390 --> 00:18:20,320
crystals for structure

495
00:18:24,950 --> 00:18:22,400
um where we differ and what we're doing

496
00:18:27,909 --> 00:18:24,960
in research laboratories is we're

497
00:18:30,310 --> 00:18:27,919
interested in looking at two of our

498
00:18:32,549 --> 00:18:30,320
investigational medicines a new class of

499
00:18:34,950 --> 00:18:32,559
drugs known as biologics

500
00:18:37,669 --> 00:18:34,960
which have its own unique problems

501
00:18:40,789 --> 00:18:37,679
and we're hoping that using the u.s

502
00:18:43,669 --> 00:18:40,799
national lab we can take advantage of

503
00:18:45,190 --> 00:18:43,679
of not only the weightlessness you know

504
00:18:47,190 --> 00:18:45,200
taking advantage of

505
00:18:48,710 --> 00:18:47,200
that these crystals as they grow they

506
00:18:50,870 --> 00:18:48,720
will not sediment

507
00:18:53,110 --> 00:18:50,880
uh we'd also like to take advantage of

508
00:18:55,590 --> 00:18:53,120
the fact that there's a uniform

509
00:18:57,909 --> 00:18:55,600
temperature environment as well as

510
00:18:58,950 --> 00:18:57,919
hopefully that the molecules will move

511
00:19:00,950 --> 00:18:58,960
slowly

512
00:19:03,270 --> 00:19:00,960
and the crystals the molecules that are

513
00:19:06,070 --> 00:19:03,280
incorporated in these crystals

514
00:19:07,830 --> 00:19:06,080
will be more uniform more

515
00:19:10,710 --> 00:19:07,840
pure

516
00:19:13,830 --> 00:19:10,720
these two investigational drugs

517
00:19:16,950 --> 00:19:13,840
are for cancer indications

518
00:19:18,630 --> 00:19:16,960
and we're hoping that we can make

519
00:19:21,909 --> 00:19:18,640
more pure

520
00:19:24,470 --> 00:19:21,919
larger and more uniform particles that

521
00:19:27,270 --> 00:19:24,480
we can use for drug delivery

522
00:19:29,190 --> 00:19:27,280
for manufacture and in

523
00:19:30,549 --> 00:19:29,200
product development

524
00:19:31,990 --> 00:19:30,559
we do this

525
00:19:34,470 --> 00:19:32,000
to benefit

526
00:19:35,590 --> 00:19:34,480
the delivery of our our products to our

527
00:19:37,510 --> 00:19:35,600
patients

528
00:19:39,029 --> 00:19:37,520
and something that people forget about

529
00:19:42,230 --> 00:19:39,039
is the caretakers

530
00:19:42,950 --> 00:19:42,240
because with cancer a large part of

531
00:19:46,310 --> 00:19:42,960
of

532
00:19:48,549 --> 00:19:46,320
the problems with cancer fall on carrot

533
00:19:49,990 --> 00:19:48,559
takers so if you can come up with a

534
00:19:52,950 --> 00:19:50,000
better

535
00:19:53,990 --> 00:19:52,960
medications that could be delivered

536
00:19:55,350 --> 00:19:54,000
in a

537
00:19:57,750 --> 00:19:55,360
doctor's office

538
00:20:00,470 --> 00:19:57,760
rather than in a hospital setting that

539
00:20:01,430 --> 00:20:00,480
has a significant impact

540
00:20:02,230 --> 00:20:01,440
on

541
00:20:13,909 --> 00:20:02,240
the

542
00:20:13,919 --> 00:20:18,470
questions

543
00:20:23,990 --> 00:20:20,470
jim siegel again from the celebration

544
00:20:25,830 --> 00:20:24,000
news and from space flight uh insider uh

545
00:20:28,710 --> 00:20:25,840
i'm interested in

546
00:20:30,390 --> 00:20:28,720
uh exactly how you go from the crystal

547
00:20:33,110 --> 00:20:30,400
experiments that you're describing the

548
00:20:34,470 --> 00:20:33,120
protein crystals to a delivery system

549
00:20:35,750 --> 00:20:34,480
can you describe

550
00:20:37,510 --> 00:20:35,760
how that would work what kind of

551
00:20:40,149 --> 00:20:37,520
delivery system are you talking about

552
00:20:42,630 --> 00:20:40,159
and so on i think the best example

553
00:20:44,149 --> 00:20:42,640
no no it's not it's not proprietary at

554
00:20:45,510 --> 00:20:44,159
all it's something that's been used for

555
00:20:48,870 --> 00:20:45,520
60 years

556
00:20:49,909 --> 00:20:48,880
people have been injecting insulin

557
00:20:51,909 --> 00:20:49,919
you know

558
00:20:54,470 --> 00:20:51,919
crystalline suspensions

559
00:20:57,190 --> 00:20:54,480
basically porcine insulin for about 60

560
00:20:58,390 --> 00:20:57,200
years now and it hasn't been too

561
00:21:00,950 --> 00:20:58,400
recently

562
00:21:02,950 --> 00:21:00,960
where the pharmaceutical industry which

563
00:21:05,470 --> 00:21:02,960
has been going through its own

564
00:21:07,669 --> 00:21:05,480
changes where now consider ourselves

565
00:21:09,909 --> 00:21:07,679
biopharmaceutical companies and there's

566
00:21:11,669 --> 00:21:09,919
a whole new class of drugs biologics

567
00:21:15,750 --> 00:21:11,679
that there's a real problem delivering

568
00:21:18,950 --> 00:21:15,760
them they can only be given in hospital

569
00:21:21,669 --> 00:21:18,960
settings as a constant infusion where a

570
00:21:23,990 --> 00:21:21,679
patient has to spend six hours

571
00:21:26,630 --> 00:21:24,000
getting an infusion

572
00:21:28,870 --> 00:21:26,640
and i would love to see an opportunity

573
00:21:31,190 --> 00:21:28,880
to come up with a

574
00:21:33,990 --> 00:21:31,200
a crystalline suspension that you could

575
00:21:35,350 --> 00:21:34,000
take as a single sub-q injection

576
00:21:38,230 --> 00:21:35,360
that you could either administer

577
00:21:40,230 --> 00:21:38,240
yourself or in a doctor's office

578
00:21:41,270 --> 00:21:40,240
to me that would have a significant

579
00:21:43,750 --> 00:21:41,280
impact

580
00:21:46,630 --> 00:21:43,760
on the ease of administration

581
00:21:49,110 --> 00:21:46,640
and the in the comfort of patients and

582
00:21:51,510 --> 00:21:49,120
takes a tremendous load off caregivers

583
00:21:54,470 --> 00:21:51,520
who are probably responsible for

584
00:21:56,549 --> 00:21:54,480
driving that patient back and forth to

585
00:21:59,830 --> 00:21:56,559
uh hospitals

586
00:22:02,230 --> 00:21:59,840
and uh and the uh the constant infusion

587
00:22:04,149 --> 00:22:02,240
basically is about half the cost

588
00:22:06,149 --> 00:22:04,159
of administering the drug

589
00:22:10,149 --> 00:22:06,159
so it has a significant

590
00:22:12,549 --> 00:22:10,159
uh financial benefit to it as well

591
00:22:15,510 --> 00:22:12,559
stuartmoney interspace.net and my

592
00:22:17,110 --> 00:22:15,520
question is do you foresee a a short

593
00:22:19,669 --> 00:22:17,120
jump towards

594
00:22:23,590 --> 00:22:19,679
industrial level manufacturer of these

595
00:22:25,350 --> 00:22:23,600
types of proteins in zero g or is this a

596
00:22:27,190 --> 00:22:25,360
research to find a better way to do it

597
00:22:28,710 --> 00:22:27,200
on earth i know this is something that

598
00:22:30,870 --> 00:22:28,720
was put forward

599
00:22:33,350 --> 00:22:30,880
decades ago as as this was going to be

600
00:22:35,190 --> 00:22:33,360
the the industrial key to space it

601
00:22:37,270 --> 00:22:35,200
sounds like you're a lot closer

602
00:22:41,029 --> 00:22:37,280
but could you address that i

603
00:22:43,510 --> 00:22:41,039
love that question because i we you know

604
00:22:45,750 --> 00:22:43,520
years ago that was the goal of our

605
00:22:48,070 --> 00:22:45,760
space shuttle you know missions was be

606
00:22:50,549 --> 00:22:48,080
able to do it in the scale

607
00:22:53,029 --> 00:22:50,559
that you can do manufacturing space for

608
00:22:55,909 --> 00:22:53,039
that product which was alpha interferon

609
00:22:58,789 --> 00:22:55,919
it was possible because the actual dose

610
00:23:00,149 --> 00:22:58,799
was nanograms very small amounts per

611
00:23:02,630 --> 00:23:00,159
dose

612
00:23:04,789 --> 00:23:02,640
the new class of biologics monoclonal

613
00:23:07,430 --> 00:23:04,799
antibodies fortunately you have to give

614
00:23:08,870 --> 00:23:07,440
milligrams so a bigger so i think it's

615
00:23:11,669 --> 00:23:08,880
still possible

616
00:23:13,029 --> 00:23:11,679
it would just take a lot more research

617
00:23:15,029 --> 00:23:13,039
to do that

618
00:23:17,350 --> 00:23:15,039
but that personally that's one of the

619
00:23:19,270 --> 00:23:17,360
things that i i would love to see

620
00:23:22,070 --> 00:23:19,280
however you know

621
00:23:24,310 --> 00:23:22,080
our goal immediate goal is to learn is

622
00:23:26,470 --> 00:23:24,320
to produce unique

623
00:23:27,990 --> 00:23:26,480
crystalline suspensions that we can't

624
00:23:30,390 --> 00:23:28,000
unearth

625
00:23:31,909 --> 00:23:30,400
and we did that in my previous work we

626
00:23:34,390 --> 00:23:31,919
were able to

627
00:23:37,110 --> 00:23:34,400
actually by accident produce a

628
00:23:38,950 --> 00:23:37,120
uniform crystalline suspension

629
00:23:42,230 --> 00:23:38,960
that was so good that we used it for two

630
00:23:45,190 --> 00:23:42,240
years in primate studies so it moved our

631
00:23:46,549 --> 00:23:45,200
our research ability to to

632
00:23:49,269 --> 00:23:46,559
investigate

633
00:23:51,830 --> 00:23:49,279
uh delivery of this uh product much

634
00:23:57,110 --> 00:23:51,840
earlier two years we saved in cycle by

635
00:24:01,669 --> 00:23:59,669
mark gotch historical imagery canada

636
00:24:05,269 --> 00:24:01,679
could you tell me uh

637
00:24:08,149 --> 00:24:05,279
how has this crystalline experimentation

638
00:24:10,549 --> 00:24:08,159
differed from that down on earth

639
00:24:12,630 --> 00:24:10,559
in the space station in terms of

640
00:24:15,990 --> 00:24:12,640
what different types of crystals has

641
00:24:18,950 --> 00:24:17,190
the

642
00:24:21,990 --> 00:24:18,960
to date

643
00:24:23,669 --> 00:24:22,000
on crs3 we're able to get larger

644
00:24:26,789 --> 00:24:23,679
crystals

645
00:24:27,750 --> 00:24:26,799
and the those studies were very limited

646
00:24:29,990 --> 00:24:27,760
in the

647
00:24:31,110 --> 00:24:30,000
amount of protein that we're trying to

648
00:24:33,029 --> 00:24:31,120
crystallize

649
00:24:35,269 --> 00:24:33,039
in this experiment our goal is to

650
00:24:38,070 --> 00:24:35,279
produce a lot of crystals

651
00:24:39,669 --> 00:24:38,080
and we're doing it under conditions that

652
00:24:42,549 --> 00:24:39,679
we have enough now

653
00:24:45,029 --> 00:24:42,559
to look at it for purification

654
00:24:46,950 --> 00:24:45,039
for particle size uh

655
00:24:47,909 --> 00:24:46,960
distribution

656
00:24:49,029 --> 00:24:47,919
and

657
00:24:53,269 --> 00:24:49,039
for

658
00:24:55,110 --> 00:24:53,279
ground-based experiment

659
00:24:57,430 --> 00:24:55,120
i'm really looking forward to see what

660
00:25:00,789 --> 00:24:57,440
we get i have a

661
00:25:02,789 --> 00:25:00,799
based on my previous shuttle experiments

662
00:25:07,029 --> 00:25:02,799
i have a

663
00:25:09,430 --> 00:25:07,039
going to work out so i'm pretty excited

664
00:25:10,710 --> 00:25:09,440
about having this opportunity

665
00:25:13,510 --> 00:25:10,720
to fly

666
00:25:13,520 --> 00:25:17,830
question here

667
00:25:21,830 --> 00:25:20,470
val phillips zero g news uh you've

668
00:25:23,590 --> 00:25:21,840
mentioned obviously you've run

669
00:25:26,070 --> 00:25:23,600
experiments on shuttle

670
00:25:27,510 --> 00:25:26,080
um what's the

671
00:25:30,149 --> 00:25:27,520
have there been better benefits from

672
00:25:32,630 --> 00:25:30,159
running or shuttle compared to iss

673
00:25:34,070 --> 00:25:32,640
what's the differences and how long is

674
00:25:35,269 --> 00:25:34,080
this experiment going to be running on

675
00:25:37,510 --> 00:25:35,279
iss

676
00:25:40,070 --> 00:25:37,520
um we're going to be up for this is a

677
00:25:41,029 --> 00:25:40,080
sortie mission for us so it'll be up

678
00:25:43,510 --> 00:25:41,039
it'll

679
00:25:45,350 --> 00:25:43,520
come our experiment will come off dragon

680
00:25:48,310 --> 00:25:45,360
you go into the u.s

681
00:25:52,630 --> 00:25:48,320
national lab actually in an incubator

682
00:25:54,549 --> 00:25:52,640
um for we're hoping for up to 18 days

683
00:25:58,070 --> 00:25:54,559
and then it comes back and then we'll be

684
00:26:00,870 --> 00:25:58,080
able to do our characterization studies

685
00:26:03,830 --> 00:26:00,880
we always do a comparable ground

686
00:26:05,669 --> 00:26:03,840
experiment in the exact flight hardware

687
00:26:08,789 --> 00:26:05,679
that we're running so we have a good

688
00:26:12,310 --> 00:26:08,799
baseline of what actually we gain from

689
00:26:13,269 --> 00:26:12,320
the microgravity experiment

690
00:26:21,190 --> 00:26:13,279
i

691
00:26:23,430 --> 00:26:21,200
we were able to to when they approached

692
00:26:27,269 --> 00:26:23,440
us two years ago

693
00:26:29,430 --> 00:26:27,279
with the opportunity to do microgravity

694
00:26:30,630 --> 00:26:29,440
crystallization again

695
00:26:33,110 --> 00:26:30,640
they

696
00:26:35,029 --> 00:26:33,120
in a very quickly we were able to come

697
00:26:37,350 --> 00:26:35,039
up with a proposal

698
00:26:38,710 --> 00:26:37,360
where the you know the primary benefit

699
00:26:40,390 --> 00:26:38,720
had to be

700
00:26:44,070 --> 00:26:40,400
to human health

701
00:26:45,029 --> 00:26:44,080
and uh within six months we we had a

702
00:26:47,909 --> 00:26:45,039
plan

703
00:26:49,430 --> 00:26:47,919
um i think what helped tremendously

704
00:26:51,669 --> 00:26:49,440
is that

705
00:26:53,990 --> 00:26:51,679
at merck we already had experience with

706
00:26:56,710 --> 00:26:54,000
the certified hardware

707
00:26:59,750 --> 00:26:56,720
i think it's a disadvantage to

708
00:27:01,590 --> 00:26:59,760
investigators who are unfamiliar

709
00:27:04,070 --> 00:27:01,600
with what the available

710
00:27:06,549 --> 00:27:04,080
flight certified hardware is and

711
00:27:08,789 --> 00:27:06,559
adapting to that to that hardware i

712
00:27:11,750 --> 00:27:08,799
think that's a that's a significant

713
00:27:14,070 --> 00:27:11,760
problem for researchers

714
00:27:17,190 --> 00:27:14,080
there's a significant difference between

715
00:27:19,590 --> 00:27:17,200
how you set up your experiment on earth

716
00:27:21,990 --> 00:27:19,600
and then transferring that into the

717
00:27:23,110 --> 00:27:22,000
limitations that you have

718
00:27:25,590 --> 00:27:23,120
time

719
00:27:26,630 --> 00:27:25,600
space and the hardware that you have to

720
00:27:29,669 --> 00:27:26,640
deal with

721
00:27:31,669 --> 00:27:29,679
in doing your experiments um in space in

722
00:27:34,070 --> 00:27:31,679
the microgravity i think that's the

723
00:27:37,430 --> 00:27:34,080
from my perspective that's the biggest

724
00:27:38,389 --> 00:27:37,440
challenge that you that you have

725
00:27:40,389 --> 00:27:38,399
and

726
00:27:43,029 --> 00:27:40,399
you know that that's also the most

727
00:27:44,710 --> 00:27:43,039
exciting part what can i do

728
00:27:46,070 --> 00:27:44,720
i've given this box i'm giving this

729
00:27:48,870 --> 00:27:46,080
opportunity

730
00:27:51,350 --> 00:27:48,880
what can i how much can i you know do to

731
00:27:54,310 --> 00:27:51,360
take advantage of that you know

732
00:27:57,510 --> 00:27:54,320
um and then designing it such that the

733
00:27:58,950 --> 00:27:57,520
experiment will will the crystallization

734
00:28:00,950 --> 00:27:58,960
will take place

735
00:28:02,870 --> 00:28:00,960
within that 18-day

736
00:28:05,510 --> 00:28:02,880
time frame

737
00:28:07,430 --> 00:28:05,520
and that the crystals that we get back

738
00:28:10,070 --> 00:28:07,440
don't degrade

739
00:28:10,789 --> 00:28:10,080
during that process and bring them back

740
00:28:12,549 --> 00:28:10,799
i'm

741
00:28:14,630 --> 00:28:12,559
laughing so much because usually the

742
00:28:16,950 --> 00:28:14,640
question i get all the time was well

743
00:28:18,950 --> 00:28:16,960
don't these crystals crack doesn't this

744
00:28:21,029 --> 00:28:18,960
you know the fact that their crystals

745
00:28:23,029 --> 00:28:21,039
come back don't they destroy them and i

746
00:28:25,029 --> 00:28:23,039
love that question because

747
00:28:27,190 --> 00:28:25,039
the crystals that we grow these protein

748
00:28:29,669 --> 00:28:27,200
crystals that we grow are actually like

749
00:28:31,590 --> 00:28:29,679
uh jello they're actually they're very

750
00:28:33,350 --> 00:28:31,600
soft and they're floating

751
00:28:36,070 --> 00:28:33,360
in this you know

752
00:28:37,110 --> 00:28:36,080
body of liquid and they're actually

753
00:28:39,590 --> 00:28:37,120
cushioned

754
00:28:40,389 --> 00:28:39,600
you know um and

755
00:28:49,669 --> 00:28:40,399
on

756
00:28:51,430 --> 00:28:49,679
in spite of the catastrophic events

757
00:28:53,750 --> 00:28:51,440
we did recover

758
00:28:55,510 --> 00:28:53,760
crystals from that so i use that as an

759
00:28:56,389 --> 00:28:55,520
example of how

760
00:28:59,269 --> 00:28:56,399
you know

761
00:29:01,430 --> 00:28:59,279
durable these crystals are and it's

762
00:29:03,510 --> 00:29:01,440
mostly due to being cushioned in the in

763
00:29:05,990 --> 00:29:03,520
the in the solution that they're growing

764
00:29:09,350 --> 00:29:06,000
in and jello is a good thing

765
00:29:13,990 --> 00:29:11,350
any other questions

766
00:29:16,470 --> 00:29:14,000
okay we'll move on to dr rasmussen

767
00:29:18,630 --> 00:29:16,480
and the synthetic muscle for prosthetics

768
00:29:20,870 --> 00:29:18,640
and robotics investigation which is

769
00:29:22,230 --> 00:29:20,880
looking at material that contracts and

770
00:29:25,669 --> 00:29:22,240
expands like a muscle this is

771
00:29:29,350 --> 00:29:28,149
um my materials uh electroactive

772
00:29:31,430 --> 00:29:29,360
polymers

773
00:29:33,750 --> 00:29:31,440
are in a class of materials called smart

774
00:29:36,070 --> 00:29:33,760
materials smart materials respond to

775
00:29:37,350 --> 00:29:36,080
stimuli it can be light you know like a

776
00:29:39,029 --> 00:29:37,360
transition lens it could be a lot of

777
00:29:40,950 --> 00:29:39,039
different um things and in the case of

778
00:29:42,149 --> 00:29:40,960
electroactive polymers the stimulus is

779
00:29:43,430 --> 00:29:42,159
electricity

780
00:29:44,789 --> 00:29:43,440
my um

781
00:29:47,990 --> 00:29:44,799
electroactive polymers i'm just going to

782
00:29:50,149 --> 00:29:48,000
call them eaps respond to electricity by

783
00:29:52,070 --> 00:29:50,159
contraction then when i reverse the

784
00:29:54,389 --> 00:29:52,080
polarity make the positive negative and

785
00:29:57,350 --> 00:29:54,399
the negative positive i can get

786
00:29:59,029 --> 00:29:57,360
expansion i can control that

787
00:30:01,750 --> 00:29:59,039
and my linear range tends to be low

788
00:30:04,389 --> 00:30:01,760
between 0 and 50 volts with the low

789
00:30:05,909 --> 00:30:04,399
noise and heat signature as well

790
00:30:12,470 --> 00:30:05,919
the

791
00:30:14,310 --> 00:30:12,480
is in my case i'm very interested in

792
00:30:16,310 --> 00:30:14,320
this partly why i developed this this

793
00:30:18,470 --> 00:30:16,320
class of materials i'm very interested

794
00:30:20,549 --> 00:30:18,480
in prosthetics realistic prosthetics

795
00:30:22,389 --> 00:30:20,559
particularly for the hand and arm

796
00:30:24,470 --> 00:30:22,399
so i've developed materials that um

797
00:30:27,590 --> 00:30:24,480
basically contract and expand

798
00:30:29,430 --> 00:30:27,600
so they look act and even feel um very

799
00:30:31,269 --> 00:30:29,440
much like human tissue

800
00:30:32,630 --> 00:30:31,279
when they're activated by electricity

801
00:30:34,950 --> 00:30:32,640
there is a little bit of residual

802
00:30:36,389 --> 00:30:34,960
resistance so they even feel warm to the

803
00:30:38,470 --> 00:30:36,399
touch

804
00:30:40,710 --> 00:30:38,480
that said i'm very early stage i am a

805
00:30:43,510 --> 00:30:40,720
high tech early stage

806
00:30:45,190 --> 00:30:43,520
startup company

807
00:30:47,909 --> 00:30:45,200
my corporate experience is johnson

808
00:30:50,070 --> 00:30:47,919
johnson i have my phd is synthetic

809
00:30:52,950 --> 00:30:50,080
polymer chemistry

810
00:30:54,870 --> 00:30:52,960
then i have a masters in biophysics

811
00:30:57,190 --> 00:30:54,880
but what

812
00:30:58,630 --> 00:30:57,200
what i've note what's kind of been a

813
00:31:00,310 --> 00:30:58,640
pleasant surprise for me is i'm

814
00:31:02,149 --> 00:31:00,320
receiving a lot of attention also from

815
00:31:05,029 --> 00:31:02,159
the robotics community because

816
00:31:06,149 --> 00:31:05,039
human-like grasp would be very very

817
00:31:08,149 --> 00:31:06,159
useful

818
00:31:10,310 --> 00:31:08,159
and how

819
00:31:12,789 --> 00:31:10,320
i ended up meeting cases actually was

820
00:31:14,710 --> 00:31:12,799
through the the global uh business

821
00:31:17,430 --> 00:31:14,720
accelerator called mass challenge i was

822
00:31:19,669 --> 00:31:17,440
one of the global finalists in 2013.

823
00:31:22,389 --> 00:31:19,679
what i had done in the past is i had

824
00:31:24,630 --> 00:31:22,399
actually put my materials through

825
00:31:25,750 --> 00:31:24,640
extreme temperature experiments

826
00:31:27,110 --> 00:31:25,760
and

827
00:31:28,870 --> 00:31:27,120
there was a thought that if they were

828
00:31:31,350 --> 00:31:28,880
radiation resistant in this class of

829
00:31:33,269 --> 00:31:31,360
materials the methylate family does tend

830
00:31:34,549 --> 00:31:33,279
to lend itself to radiation resistance

831
00:31:37,029 --> 00:31:34,559
there were some thoughts that that could

832
00:31:40,789 --> 00:31:37,039
be used kind of dual purpose

833
00:31:42,950 --> 00:31:40,799
for both space exploration and for

834
00:31:44,310 --> 00:31:42,960
robotics on earth because often where

835
00:31:46,789 --> 00:31:44,320
you really

836
00:31:48,789 --> 00:31:46,799
really need a robot

837
00:31:50,630 --> 00:31:48,799
is um

838
00:31:53,029 --> 00:31:50,640
where you can't put a human and you

839
00:31:54,070 --> 00:31:53,039
wouldn't even want to put a dog

840
00:32:00,389 --> 00:31:54,080
so

841
00:32:02,470 --> 00:32:00,399
iss is it's a unique radiation

842
00:32:04,549 --> 00:32:02,480
environment because once you get above

843
00:32:05,590 --> 00:32:04,559
our atmosphere not only our atmosphere

844
00:32:06,789 --> 00:32:05,600
but

845
00:32:08,149 --> 00:32:06,799
our whole

846
00:32:09,990 --> 00:32:08,159
planet

847
00:32:12,950 --> 00:32:10,000
diffuses around it a lot of the

848
00:32:15,990 --> 00:32:12,960
electromagnet magnetism from the sun in

849
00:32:18,149 --> 00:32:16,000
particular once you get

850
00:32:20,710 --> 00:32:18,159
even at low orbital you're getting a lot

851
00:32:21,990 --> 00:32:20,720
of not only solar but cosmic radiation

852
00:32:24,789 --> 00:32:22,000
effects

853
00:32:27,509 --> 00:32:24,799
so um and i applaud

854
00:32:28,710 --> 00:32:27,519
cases not only for um

855
00:32:31,029 --> 00:32:28,720
the the

856
00:32:32,789 --> 00:32:31,039
taking the advances we've learned from

857
00:32:35,029 --> 00:32:32,799
space and applying them to earth but

858
00:32:36,630 --> 00:32:35,039
also from their insights for this whole

859
00:32:38,470 --> 00:32:36,640
process for me because i am one of the

860
00:32:39,990 --> 00:32:38,480
new investigators

861
00:32:41,990 --> 00:32:40,000
on the iss

862
00:32:44,310 --> 00:32:42,000
and being adaptable as the process went

863
00:32:46,710 --> 00:32:44,320
along these materials this is just a

864
00:32:49,830 --> 00:32:46,720
mock-up this is a prototype of and it's

865
00:32:52,389 --> 00:32:49,840
a matrix of eight samples there's four

866
00:32:54,149 --> 00:32:52,399
of these matrices going up onto the iss

867
00:32:55,350 --> 00:32:54,159
and then four not this one because it

868
00:32:57,750 --> 00:32:55,360
has gone through the airport and stuff

869
00:32:59,430 --> 00:32:57,760
but four remaining at home is controls

870
00:33:01,269 --> 00:32:59,440
kind of like the twin experiment because

871
00:33:03,430 --> 00:33:01,279
it's up there and down here

872
00:33:05,830 --> 00:33:03,440
and um

873
00:33:07,350 --> 00:33:05,840
and of these four spots and you can come

874
00:33:09,750 --> 00:33:07,360
up and feel afterwards they're one by

875
00:33:11,509 --> 00:33:09,760
one kind of roughly one inch by one inch

876
00:33:13,669 --> 00:33:11,519
squares of synthetic muscle where this

877
00:33:16,230 --> 00:33:13,679
first spot has zero additive zero

878
00:33:18,230 --> 00:33:16,240
coatings the next two kind of mini

879
00:33:20,070 --> 00:33:18,240
experiment with an experiment has some

880
00:33:22,389 --> 00:33:20,080
additives

881
00:33:25,509 --> 00:33:22,399
the next one has a coating taken from

882
00:33:27,909 --> 00:33:25,519
the spacesuit technology

883
00:33:30,630 --> 00:33:27,919
so it's a mylar coating the next two

884
00:33:32,630 --> 00:33:30,640
coatings are actually from the us army

885
00:33:34,630 --> 00:33:32,640
from their mre or meals ready to eat

886
00:33:37,509 --> 00:33:34,640
program because my materials just like

887
00:33:39,590 --> 00:33:37,519
human muscle operate best moist

888
00:33:42,070 --> 00:33:39,600
so i'm very interested in coating these

889
00:33:43,750 --> 00:33:42,080
once i get out of naval or watery

890
00:33:46,230 --> 00:33:43,760
environments onto land

891
00:33:48,549 --> 00:33:46,240
applications and then the last two spots

892
00:33:51,029 --> 00:33:48,559
are combinations of the additives to

893
00:33:52,710 --> 00:33:51,039
enhance the radiation resistance

894
00:33:54,389 --> 00:33:52,720
and some of the

895
00:33:55,750 --> 00:33:54,399
the army coatings

896
00:33:57,750 --> 00:33:55,760
the

897
00:33:59,830 --> 00:33:57,760
what i applied cases for is what we

898
00:34:02,789 --> 00:33:59,840
found out last summer when we exposed a

899
00:34:06,950 --> 00:34:05,029
similar matrices and also just bulk

900
00:34:09,669 --> 00:34:06,960
materials to uh

901
00:34:11,669 --> 00:34:09,679
to one of their gamma radiation sources

902
00:34:13,669 --> 00:34:11,679
at the princeton plasma physics lab

903
00:34:15,589 --> 00:34:13,679
which is a u.s department of energy

904
00:34:17,909 --> 00:34:15,599
federal lab

905
00:34:19,909 --> 00:34:17,919
they held up very very well selected

906
00:34:21,589 --> 00:34:19,919
samples and plus we learned a lot just

907
00:34:22,629 --> 00:34:21,599
from the matrices of the additives and

908
00:34:25,030 --> 00:34:22,639
coatings

909
00:34:27,829 --> 00:34:25,040
so well in fact that the original plan

910
00:34:29,669 --> 00:34:27,839
on the iss was for a 30-day exposure up

911
00:34:32,230 --> 00:34:29,679
and down but we're extending it to 90

912
00:34:34,589 --> 00:34:32,240
days so on monday we'll be going up on a

913
00:34:36,149 --> 00:34:34,599
spacex and then i'll be returning on the

914
00:34:37,909 --> 00:34:36,159
spacex7

915
00:34:41,349 --> 00:34:37,919
mid july

916
00:34:42,389 --> 00:34:41,359
and so it's we're i'm just

917
00:34:44,310 --> 00:34:42,399
thrilled

918
00:34:46,710 --> 00:34:44,320
that

919
00:34:48,230 --> 00:34:46,720
this is going to be tested in such a

920
00:34:51,430 --> 00:34:48,240
unique environment because you can test

921
00:34:54,310 --> 00:34:51,440
for radiation on earth for

922
00:34:55,829 --> 00:34:54,320
beta for gamma for alpha for things very

923
00:34:57,670 --> 00:34:55,839
damaging things

924
00:35:01,510 --> 00:34:57,680
in space you run into things called high

925
00:35:02,390 --> 00:35:01,520
energy linear high led particles

926
00:35:07,430 --> 00:35:02,400
you can

927
00:35:09,510 --> 00:35:07,440
use a particle accelerator for that to

928
00:35:11,589 --> 00:35:09,520
kind of mimic the high led particles but

929
00:35:13,750 --> 00:35:11,599
once you get up in space you have a lot

930
00:35:14,950 --> 00:35:13,760
of things going in all at once from the

931
00:35:17,510 --> 00:35:14,960
cosmos

932
00:35:19,910 --> 00:35:17,520
from the sun you also have that whole

933
00:35:22,550 --> 00:35:19,920
range of the electromagnetic spectrum we

934
00:35:24,870 --> 00:35:22,560
have your ionizing x-ray technology it's

935
00:35:27,829 --> 00:35:24,880
a unique environment

936
00:35:29,910 --> 00:35:27,839
and so um i'm really

937
00:35:31,990 --> 00:35:29,920
interested to see how it holds up in

938
00:35:32,950 --> 00:35:32,000
that particular environment but we did

939
00:35:35,349 --> 00:35:32,960
hit it

940
00:35:36,550 --> 00:35:35,359
very very hard here on earth last summer

941
00:35:38,230 --> 00:35:36,560
at princeton

942
00:35:40,150 --> 00:35:38,240
and some of the coatings i just wanted

943
00:35:41,829 --> 00:35:40,160
because this is so cool

944
00:35:43,349 --> 00:35:41,839
some of the coatings again it's us army

945
00:35:45,430 --> 00:35:43,359
from their meals ready to eat and this

946
00:35:48,310 --> 00:35:45,440
is a new coating that's been developed

947
00:35:50,310 --> 00:35:48,320
for them and it looks clear

948
00:35:51,349 --> 00:35:50,320
but it actually does have an aluminum

949
00:35:53,430 --> 00:35:51,359
coating

950
00:35:56,550 --> 00:35:53,440
just like this one but it's at a nano

951
00:35:58,310 --> 00:35:56,560
scale so the aluminum coating is there

952
00:35:59,430 --> 00:35:58,320
but there's such small particles that

953
00:36:00,870 --> 00:35:59,440
our eyes

954
00:36:03,109 --> 00:36:00,880
because they're smaller than the visible

955
00:36:04,950 --> 00:36:03,119
spectrum can't detect it and these have

956
00:36:06,710 --> 00:36:04,960
been tested on earth also i mean

957
00:36:08,470 --> 00:36:06,720
independently by us army and held up

958
00:36:09,910 --> 00:36:08,480
also very well to radiation so they're

959
00:36:11,510 --> 00:36:09,920
kind of being

960
00:36:13,589 --> 00:36:11,520
to see if they could even enhance and

961
00:36:15,349 --> 00:36:13,599
protect my materials a little better

962
00:36:19,750 --> 00:36:15,359
than not being coded

963
00:36:22,470 --> 00:36:19,760
so that was that's my plug and

964
00:36:28,550 --> 00:36:22,480
i'm sure we have questions

965
00:36:33,030 --> 00:36:30,470
uh carl rasmussen of the hingham public

966
00:36:34,310 --> 00:36:33,040
schools the main thing i was wondering

967
00:36:36,150 --> 00:36:34,320
is

968
00:36:39,030 --> 00:36:36,160
your interest in prosthetics and i was

969
00:36:43,990 --> 00:36:39,040
wondering how a user would control

970
00:36:47,670 --> 00:36:45,750
that's a good question for the

971
00:36:49,430 --> 00:36:47,680
prosthetics we're looking at the market

972
00:36:51,030 --> 00:36:49,440
two ways one is it's simple shape

973
00:36:53,349 --> 00:36:51,040
morphine abilities it gets bigger and

974
00:36:56,710 --> 00:36:53,359
smaller with electric impulse

975
00:36:59,430 --> 00:36:56,720
so for the prosthetic liner socket where

976
00:37:00,230 --> 00:36:59,440
it attaches we're looking at contracting

977
00:37:06,390 --> 00:37:00,240
it

978
00:37:09,510 --> 00:37:06,400
during the course of the day

979
00:37:12,310 --> 00:37:09,520
to maintain a very comfortable

980
00:37:13,670 --> 00:37:12,320
fit so that the patient or the amputee

981
00:37:15,349 --> 00:37:13,680
is not

982
00:37:17,589 --> 00:37:15,359
having to fool with it mess it it can

983
00:37:19,589 --> 00:37:17,599
kind of conform

984
00:37:21,430 --> 00:37:19,599
with the patient as he goes about his or

985
00:37:24,230 --> 00:37:21,440
her daily life and our limbs all of our

986
00:37:25,829 --> 00:37:24,240
limbs do change not only even in weeks

987
00:37:27,589 --> 00:37:25,839
months years but even the course of day

988
00:37:29,030 --> 00:37:27,599
we change roughly a shoe size between

989
00:37:31,270 --> 00:37:29,040
morning and night

990
00:37:33,750 --> 00:37:31,280
my big interest in developing those was

991
00:37:36,470 --> 00:37:33,760
linked actuation where this is two links

992
00:37:38,870 --> 00:37:36,480
and this is a simple hinge joint and

993
00:37:40,870 --> 00:37:38,880
i've begun researching that it is it's

994
00:37:44,069 --> 00:37:40,880
it's very early stage

995
00:37:45,829 --> 00:37:44,079
but it's working

996
00:37:48,710 --> 00:37:45,839
here's another question right there

997
00:37:50,390 --> 00:37:48,720
hi morgan turner from nasa social

998
00:37:52,950 --> 00:37:50,400
let me just begin by saying this is

999
00:37:55,589 --> 00:37:52,960
really interesting to me um especially

1000
00:37:57,990 --> 00:37:55,599
uh when how you're dealing with the the

1001
00:38:00,310 --> 00:37:58,000
effects of radiation on your materials

1002
00:38:02,790 --> 00:38:00,320
um i wanted to ask you

1003
00:38:05,430 --> 00:38:02,800
the purpose of this experiment is to see

1004
00:38:07,270 --> 00:38:05,440
how it holds up in space right how the

1005
00:38:08,950 --> 00:38:07,280
rate of deterioration

1006
00:38:10,950 --> 00:38:08,960
of your of your material or whether or

1007
00:38:11,910 --> 00:38:10,960
not it does deteriorate

1008
00:38:13,990 --> 00:38:11,920
um

1009
00:38:16,230 --> 00:38:14,000
when exposed to radiation what i wanted

1010
00:38:18,390 --> 00:38:16,240
to ask is do you think it's possible

1011
00:38:19,510 --> 00:38:18,400
that you could use your material for

1012
00:38:21,750 --> 00:38:19,520
future

1013
00:38:24,390 --> 00:38:21,760
astronaut clothing like

1014
00:38:26,069 --> 00:38:24,400
inside as a protective layer

1015
00:38:28,230 --> 00:38:26,079
actually that's a very good question and

1016
00:38:30,230 --> 00:38:28,240
one thing we are very much interested

1017
00:38:31,990 --> 00:38:30,240
with space exploration not just my

1018
00:38:34,310 --> 00:38:32,000
materials but robotics in general is

1019
00:38:37,190 --> 00:38:34,320
human assist and with human assist it

1020
00:38:39,510 --> 00:38:37,200
does have to be comfortable it has to be

1021
00:38:41,829 --> 00:38:39,520
it can't be so strong it hurts the human

1022
00:38:44,710 --> 00:38:41,839
interacting with it so this is a very

1023
00:38:46,470 --> 00:38:44,720
gentle approach to helping the astronaut

1024
00:38:49,510 --> 00:38:46,480
with whatever they're trying to do to do

1025
00:38:51,109 --> 00:38:49,520
very human-like um grasping and gloving

1026
00:38:53,910 --> 00:38:51,119
something that that as a potential

1027
00:38:58,069 --> 00:38:53,920
application is as an assist kind of

1028
00:38:59,990 --> 00:38:58,079
exoskeleton type application yes

1029
00:39:03,670 --> 00:39:00,000
i think there's another question way in

1030
00:39:07,829 --> 00:39:05,670
yes my name is gina clifford with nasa

1031
00:39:09,750 --> 00:39:07,839
social and i'm not i'm not sure if this

1032
00:39:11,349 --> 00:39:09,760
question is exactly what you're

1033
00:39:13,510 --> 00:39:11,359
describing but

1034
00:39:15,670 --> 00:39:13,520
i i honestly want to know would you

1035
00:39:18,069 --> 00:39:15,680
consider this technology

1036
00:39:21,109 --> 00:39:18,079
similar or maybe even equivalent to

1037
00:39:25,670 --> 00:39:23,109
or self-replicating structures when you

1038
00:39:26,390 --> 00:39:25,680
add energy to a material and to get it

1039
00:39:27,750 --> 00:39:26,400
to

1040
00:39:29,990 --> 00:39:27,760
do something

1041
00:39:32,150 --> 00:39:30,000
from the material perspective yeah this

1042
00:39:34,710 --> 00:39:32,160
this material at least right now as it's

1043
00:39:36,710 --> 00:39:34,720
designing is not self assembled but i am

1044
00:39:38,390 --> 00:39:36,720
working on um

1045
00:39:40,829 --> 00:39:38,400
the material science of it so it can be

1046
00:39:42,390 --> 00:39:40,839
what's called self healing

1047
00:39:44,390 --> 00:39:42,400
um with

1048
00:39:46,069 --> 00:39:44,400
some good results but um but for the

1049
00:39:47,589 --> 00:39:46,079
self-assembly it's not exactly

1050
00:39:49,910 --> 00:39:47,599
self-assembled but there are some

1051
00:39:52,310 --> 00:39:49,920
analogies as we work with architecture

1052
00:39:54,390 --> 00:39:52,320
though particularly as we miniaturize

1053
00:39:56,630 --> 00:39:54,400
that could come into play because we are

1054
00:39:58,790 --> 00:39:56,640
looking at going smaller and very

1055
00:40:01,990 --> 00:39:58,800
interested in nanotech

1056
00:40:08,470 --> 00:40:02,000
technology in this area

1057
00:40:12,309 --> 00:40:11,270
hi courtney peterson with nasa social my

1058
00:40:15,030 --> 00:40:12,319
question is

1059
00:40:17,750 --> 00:40:15,040
are there any other applications for the

1060
00:40:21,270 --> 00:40:17,760
radio or the radiation material and

1061
00:40:23,270 --> 00:40:21,280
protecting um maybe cancer patients that

1062
00:40:25,349 --> 00:40:23,280
are getting radiation maybe laying this

1063
00:40:27,030 --> 00:40:25,359
on them so it's not maybe impacting

1064
00:40:28,630 --> 00:40:27,040
other parts of their body is there any

1065
00:40:31,670 --> 00:40:28,640
other application other than what you're

1066
00:40:33,990 --> 00:40:31,680
using right now um actually

1067
00:40:35,430 --> 00:40:34,000
it's not an application i

1068
00:40:38,470 --> 00:40:35,440
have thought of but some of the

1069
00:40:39,349 --> 00:40:38,480
additives um

1070
00:40:41,349 --> 00:40:39,359
are

1071
00:40:43,829 --> 00:40:41,359
used to kind of mitigate radiation

1072
00:40:44,950 --> 00:40:43,839
effects part of what goes on

1073
00:40:46,870 --> 00:40:44,960
with high

1074
00:40:48,309 --> 00:40:46,880
radiation effects is even in a moist

1075
00:40:50,470 --> 00:40:48,319
environment like i said a lot of these

1076
00:40:53,430 --> 00:40:50,480
are watery it affects our human tissues

1077
00:40:55,270 --> 00:40:53,440
as well you get the the peroxide

1078
00:40:57,910 --> 00:40:55,280
formation which can

1079
00:40:59,829 --> 00:40:57,920
cause cellular damage or i

1080
00:41:01,670 --> 00:40:59,839
was worried about material damage so i

1081
00:41:04,230 --> 00:41:01,680
actually some of the additives have very

1082
00:41:07,109 --> 00:41:04,240
strong free radical

1083
00:41:09,430 --> 00:41:07,119
inhibitor properties so potentially that

1084
00:41:11,270 --> 00:41:09,440
could be an application it doesn't

1085
00:41:13,990 --> 00:41:11,280
necessarily need to be electroactive but

1086
00:41:17,990 --> 00:41:14,000
some of that additive type technology

1087
00:41:20,550 --> 00:41:18,000
in a moist matrix could be useful

1088
00:41:23,510 --> 00:41:20,560
question here mark gotch historical

1089
00:41:26,790 --> 00:41:23,520
imagery canada could you tell me

1090
00:41:28,950 --> 00:41:26,800
in your experimentation hopes with this

1091
00:41:31,190 --> 00:41:28,960
synthetic muscle mass

1092
00:41:34,470 --> 00:41:31,200
would you expect it to have much

1093
00:41:37,190 --> 00:41:34,480
different properties in space and if

1094
00:41:39,829 --> 00:41:37,200
those properties were to be let's say

1095
00:41:42,390 --> 00:41:39,839
better than that on earth how would you

1096
00:41:45,750 --> 00:41:42,400
expect expect to replicate those

1097
00:41:48,550 --> 00:41:45,760
properties here back on earth

1098
00:41:52,230 --> 00:41:48,560
do you mean in terms of motion material

1099
00:41:55,430 --> 00:41:53,910
seeking yes

1100
00:41:58,710 --> 00:41:55,440
actually just

1101
00:42:00,309 --> 00:41:58,720
one thing that excites me about space

1102
00:42:02,309 --> 00:42:00,319
is that

1103
00:42:03,430 --> 00:42:02,319
you don't have the as much of the

1104
00:42:06,550 --> 00:42:03,440
resistance

1105
00:42:08,550 --> 00:42:06,560
via gravity you know or or you know

1106
00:42:11,190 --> 00:42:08,560
air kind of a thing

1107
00:42:13,349 --> 00:42:11,200
and with the micro environment i expect

1108
00:42:14,309 --> 00:42:13,359
it to work obviously just like we work

1109
00:42:16,630 --> 00:42:14,319
better

1110
00:42:18,630 --> 00:42:16,640
in space then on earth because a little

1111
00:42:20,309 --> 00:42:18,640
bit of force

1112
00:42:23,270 --> 00:42:20,319
gets gets a lot of motion because

1113
00:42:26,470 --> 00:42:23,280
there's no very little drag down

1114
00:42:28,069 --> 00:42:26,480
from that so i'm expecting it

1115
00:42:30,309 --> 00:42:28,079
when i get to the point of exploring

1116
00:42:31,990 --> 00:42:30,319
this is a static experiment based on you

1117
00:42:34,069 --> 00:42:32,000
know

1118
00:42:35,430 --> 00:42:34,079
material science when i get to the point

1119
00:42:37,190 --> 00:42:35,440
though of putting a little battery pack

1120
00:42:39,190 --> 00:42:37,200
and having it do motion i expect it to

1121
00:42:41,349 --> 00:42:39,200
just like the astronauts found when they

1122
00:42:43,190 --> 00:42:41,359
throw something that you know they can

1123
00:42:44,470 --> 00:42:43,200
use a little bit of force to get it to

1124
00:42:46,230 --> 00:42:44,480
shoot that

1125
00:42:48,630 --> 00:42:46,240
basket

1126
00:42:50,710 --> 00:42:48,640
how will that apply to earth

1127
00:42:52,950 --> 00:42:50,720
actually what's interesting is because

1128
00:42:54,870 --> 00:42:52,960
this does expand and contract in the xyz

1129
00:42:57,589 --> 00:42:54,880
direction through an osmotic flow of the

1130
00:43:01,190 --> 00:42:59,510
the neat thing in space is that's a pure

1131
00:43:03,430 --> 00:43:01,200
environment

1132
00:43:05,030 --> 00:43:03,440
the microgravity is basically the xy

1133
00:43:06,150 --> 00:43:05,040
direction is very pure and we're

1134
00:43:08,309 --> 00:43:06,160
actually interested in the fluid

1135
00:43:10,230 --> 00:43:08,319
dynamics of this phenomena

1136
00:43:11,750 --> 00:43:10,240
and that type of exploration would be as

1137
00:43:13,829 --> 00:43:11,760
a scientist

1138
00:43:16,470 --> 00:43:13,839
would be marvelous because you don't

1139
00:43:18,069 --> 00:43:16,480
have the artifacts if you will

1140
00:43:21,030 --> 00:43:18,079
you have like a pure

1141
00:43:25,750 --> 00:43:21,040
xyz direction expansion without that

1142
00:43:32,230 --> 00:43:27,430
ken

1143
00:43:34,069 --> 00:43:32,240
today i'm curious could this have any

1144
00:43:36,069 --> 00:43:34,079
application in the robonaut that's

1145
00:43:37,510 --> 00:43:36,079
already there and maybe especially on

1146
00:43:40,150 --> 00:43:37,520
the exterior

1147
00:43:41,670 --> 00:43:40,160
uh version of the robot robot increasing

1148
00:43:43,829 --> 00:43:41,680
its dexterity and could it have

1149
00:43:46,390 --> 00:43:43,839
application also in mars rovers

1150
00:43:49,990 --> 00:43:46,400
manipulating samples to get the samples

1151
00:43:52,309 --> 00:43:50,000
um collected and analyzed by the

1152
00:43:55,190 --> 00:43:52,319
analytical instruments thanks

1153
00:43:57,750 --> 00:43:55,200
um i am hoping it will be useful for

1154
00:43:59,589 --> 00:43:57,760
space robots and the amount of radiation

1155
00:44:02,630 --> 00:43:59,599
at least in terms of gamma that we hit

1156
00:44:04,790 --> 00:44:02,640
with it at princeton last summer

1157
00:44:07,750 --> 00:44:04,800
at the princeton physics lab was

1158
00:44:09,910 --> 00:44:07,760
one one experiment was the equivalent of

1159
00:44:12,230 --> 00:44:09,920
mars and back the next experiment was

1160
00:44:13,510 --> 00:44:12,240
jupiter and beyond

1161
00:44:15,270 --> 00:44:13,520
just in terms of gamma there's a lot of

1162
00:44:17,270 --> 00:44:15,280
other stuff going up there but that is

1163
00:44:18,790 --> 00:44:17,280
our hope is to

1164
00:44:20,870 --> 00:44:18,800
augment

1165
00:44:22,790 --> 00:44:20,880
with life like robotics the space

1166
00:44:25,109 --> 00:44:22,800
program and i would love to put my stuff

1167
00:44:28,309 --> 00:44:25,119
on mars

1168
00:44:29,990 --> 00:44:28,319
i have a space junkies

1169
00:44:32,870 --> 00:44:30,000
have you given any thought

1170
00:44:35,829 --> 00:44:32,880
with regards to prosthetics as to how

1171
00:44:37,829 --> 00:44:35,839
this material might interact with human

1172
00:44:42,950 --> 00:44:37,839
biology

1173
00:44:44,790 --> 00:44:42,960
yes but not at this point not as a

1174
00:44:46,790 --> 00:44:44,800
at this point we're going for external

1175
00:44:49,270 --> 00:44:46,800
devices we

1176
00:44:51,270 --> 00:44:49,280
partly because of fda compliance issues

1177
00:44:53,030 --> 00:44:51,280
that would be further down the road when

1178
00:44:55,589 --> 00:44:53,040
uh

1179
00:44:56,550 --> 00:44:55,599
as far as going subdermal

1180
00:45:00,390 --> 00:44:56,560
so

1181
00:45:02,390 --> 00:45:00,400
further down the road right now we're

1182
00:45:04,470 --> 00:45:02,400
focusing more on the external class one

1183
00:45:06,470 --> 00:45:04,480
devices

1184
00:45:09,750 --> 00:45:06,480
question here josh evans nasa social

1185
00:45:12,069 --> 00:45:09,760
i've heard you mention applications to

1186
00:45:15,030 --> 00:45:12,079
possibly protective layers also for

1187
00:45:18,790 --> 00:45:15,040
external layering on space robots do you

1188
00:45:20,550 --> 00:45:18,800
think that there's any application for

1189
00:45:22,550 --> 00:45:20,560
a device that would

1190
00:45:24,630 --> 00:45:22,560
amplify the ability of astronauts or

1191
00:45:26,950 --> 00:45:24,640
other humans to increase their strength

1192
00:45:28,470 --> 00:45:26,960
or dexterity as they're operating using

1193
00:45:32,550 --> 00:45:28,480
a device that's connected them using

1194
00:45:34,790 --> 00:45:32,560
these materials yes partly to help but

1195
00:45:37,190 --> 00:45:34,800
also and this gets more like perhaps

1196
00:45:38,870 --> 00:45:37,200
military applications but also space

1197
00:45:41,589 --> 00:45:38,880
applications where you see something you

1198
00:45:44,710 --> 00:45:41,599
want to explore but you may want not to

1199
00:45:47,270 --> 00:45:44,720
want to risk your hand putting it there

1200
00:45:48,710 --> 00:45:47,280
so yes we have some thoughts on that

1201
00:45:51,990 --> 00:45:48,720
so

1202
00:45:54,470 --> 00:45:52,000
val philip zero g news um

1203
00:45:55,589 --> 00:45:54,480
as a first time participant

1204
00:45:57,829 --> 00:45:55,599
um

1205
00:46:00,069 --> 00:45:57,839
having something put up into space

1206
00:46:02,069 --> 00:46:00,079
would you possibly explain a bit more

1207
00:46:04,710 --> 00:46:02,079
about the process for someone else who

1208
00:46:05,990 --> 00:46:04,720
has you know probably has a dream

1209
00:46:07,109 --> 00:46:06,000
but

1210
00:46:09,990 --> 00:46:07,119
doesn't know

1211
00:46:11,430 --> 00:46:10,000
how possibly to get to to where you are

1212
00:46:14,150 --> 00:46:11,440
now

1213
00:46:16,950 --> 00:46:14,160
um yes my first thing once you engage is

1214
00:46:18,630 --> 00:46:16,960
to be patient um my

1215
00:46:22,069 --> 00:46:18,640
internal goal

1216
00:46:24,950 --> 00:46:22,079
for this uh payload was i was trying to

1217
00:46:25,750 --> 00:46:24,960
hit the october orbital launch

1218
00:46:27,510 --> 00:46:25,760
and

1219
00:46:29,190 --> 00:46:27,520
was kind of bummed earlier in that

1220
00:46:32,069 --> 00:46:29,200
october because it's like oh i wish mine

1221
00:46:34,150 --> 00:46:32,079
was going up and then like a lot

1222
00:46:37,510 --> 00:46:34,160
many of us um it was

1223
00:46:40,390 --> 00:46:37,520
tragic that i mean i'm glad nobody was

1224
00:46:43,670 --> 00:46:40,400
hurt or harmed but all that

1225
00:46:46,630 --> 00:46:43,680
effort that you know just disappeared um

1226
00:46:48,710 --> 00:46:46,640
so then i was like thank goodness i

1227
00:46:51,349 --> 00:46:48,720
totally underestimated how much

1228
00:46:53,670 --> 00:46:51,359
paperwork is involved dealing with with

1229
00:46:55,910 --> 00:46:53,680
nasa but i would say to continue to

1230
00:46:57,349 --> 00:46:55,920
engage with whether it's cases whether

1231
00:46:59,109 --> 00:46:57,359
it's nasa you know

1232
00:47:00,069 --> 00:46:59,119
whatever your vehicle

1233
00:47:01,829 --> 00:47:00,079
um

1234
00:47:03,510 --> 00:47:01,839
realize it's going to be a long process

1235
00:47:05,670 --> 00:47:03,520
to be patient

1236
00:47:07,270 --> 00:47:05,680
to and to engage with them particularly

1237
00:47:08,870 --> 00:47:07,280
if you don't know something or if you

1238
00:47:10,870 --> 00:47:08,880
are getting like a little frustrated to

1239
00:47:13,430 --> 00:47:10,880
kind of keep that communication going

1240
00:47:15,349 --> 00:47:13,440
and and push if you need to

1241
00:47:17,589 --> 00:47:15,359
and um but

1242
00:47:19,670 --> 00:47:17,599
all of us at rast labs we've been doing

1243
00:47:23,910 --> 00:47:19,680
like vulcan high fives and stuff because

1244
00:47:26,470 --> 00:47:23,920
we are all space junkie anybody remotely

1245
00:47:29,589 --> 00:47:26,480
affiliated with robotic robots tends to

1246
00:47:32,390 --> 00:47:29,599
be really into space

1247
00:47:34,470 --> 00:47:32,400
it's interesting to note too that

1248
00:47:36,630 --> 00:47:34,480
you mentioned the orbital three mishap

1249
00:47:38,230 --> 00:47:36,640
and the difficulty we had in losing many

1250
00:47:40,230 --> 00:47:38,240
of those payloads but many of those

1251
00:47:43,109 --> 00:47:40,240
payloads are coming back for instance

1252
00:47:45,910 --> 00:47:43,119
one of the investigations meteor

1253
00:47:48,630 --> 00:47:45,920
is a cases national lab investigation

1254
00:47:51,190 --> 00:47:48,640
that was originally on the orbital three

1255
00:47:53,190 --> 00:47:51,200
it was lost and we we are now re-flying

1256
00:47:54,470 --> 00:47:53,200
the spare to orbit

1257
00:47:56,390 --> 00:47:54,480
and i would add there were several

1258
00:47:58,230 --> 00:47:56,400
educational payloads on orb 3 that have

1259
00:47:59,910 --> 00:47:58,240
already reflown they've already been up

1260
00:48:02,069 --> 00:47:59,920
to station and back so

1261
00:48:04,549 --> 00:48:02,079
i would use that as an indication of the

1262
00:48:06,790 --> 00:48:04,559
new responsiveness of nasa

1263
00:48:08,390 --> 00:48:06,800
and that's part of cases mission too

1264
00:48:10,470 --> 00:48:08,400
nasa is is

1265
00:48:13,670 --> 00:48:10,480
very supportive of cases efforts to go

1266
00:48:16,230 --> 00:48:13,680
out and build this as a usable platform

1267
00:48:17,349 --> 00:48:16,240
for a variety of different users and in

1268
00:48:19,190 --> 00:48:17,359
doing that

1269
00:48:21,430 --> 00:48:19,200
nasa is working very hard to make sure

1270
00:48:22,790 --> 00:48:21,440
that the facilities and the timelines

1271
00:48:24,390 --> 00:48:22,800
from the time

1272
00:48:26,230 --> 00:48:24,400
you're in contact with someone to

1273
00:48:28,309 --> 00:48:26,240
sponsor your payload until the time you

1274
00:48:30,630 --> 00:48:28,319
fly that that time is shortened

1275
00:48:33,190 --> 00:48:30,640
and that enables especially startups

1276
00:48:35,109 --> 00:48:33,200
where time is very precious

1277
00:48:37,829 --> 00:48:35,119
funding is very precious you can't be

1278
00:48:39,430 --> 00:48:37,839
waiting around either for

1279
00:48:40,790 --> 00:48:39,440
your funding to come through the door or

1280
00:48:42,790 --> 00:48:40,800
for you to get the results you need in

1281
00:48:44,470 --> 00:48:42,800
order to move to the next step

1282
00:48:46,309 --> 00:48:44,480
and that's where in order to realize the

1283
00:48:49,270 --> 00:48:46,319
value of the national lab

1284
00:48:52,630 --> 00:48:49,280
a lot of investment has been made from a

1285
00:48:55,109 --> 00:48:52,640
resource standpoint to enable

1286
00:48:56,790 --> 00:48:55,119
investigators to get to space faster and

1287
00:48:58,870 --> 00:48:56,800
then whether their investigation works

1288
00:49:00,309 --> 00:48:58,880
or not they have the opportunity to take

1289
00:49:01,589 --> 00:49:00,319
what they've learned and apply it to

1290
00:49:04,230 --> 00:49:01,599
another flight mission within a

1291
00:49:08,549 --> 00:49:04,240
reasonable amount of time

1292
00:49:10,790 --> 00:49:08,559
hi um michael doherty here um one of my

1293
00:49:12,390 --> 00:49:10,800
fellow page admins on facebook has a

1294
00:49:13,910 --> 00:49:12,400
question for you about your material he

1295
00:49:16,390 --> 00:49:13,920
was hoping to know

1296
00:49:19,829 --> 00:49:16,400
if it could be used as you know as a

1297
00:49:21,589 --> 00:49:19,839
covering on say robotic arm that

1298
00:49:23,430 --> 00:49:21,599
would then when picking an object up

1299
00:49:25,349 --> 00:49:23,440
could it help differentiate between

1300
00:49:27,589 --> 00:49:25,359
textures and such at some point and

1301
00:49:30,309 --> 00:49:27,599
transmit that information back to the

1302
00:49:32,950 --> 00:49:30,319
astronaut using it ah could it be a

1303
00:49:36,710 --> 00:49:32,960
sensor an effect and perhaps since even

1304
00:49:38,150 --> 00:49:36,720
prosthetics our interest is biofeedback

1305
00:49:41,589 --> 00:49:38,160
potentially

1306
00:49:44,950 --> 00:49:43,109
i'm not electrical engineer so you'll

1307
00:49:47,030 --> 00:49:44,960
have to bear with me but what i have

1308
00:49:48,630 --> 00:49:47,040
noticed with my materials is when

1309
00:49:50,549 --> 00:49:48,640
they're compressed even mechanically

1310
00:49:52,470 --> 00:49:50,559
compressed versus relaxed they have a

1311
00:49:54,950 --> 00:49:52,480
different electrical impedance

1312
00:49:57,349 --> 00:49:54,960
that can flow through them so that could

1313
00:49:58,870 --> 00:49:57,359
be taken into account

1314
00:50:00,069 --> 00:49:58,880
and this is conceptual but this is

1315
00:50:00,950 --> 00:50:00,079
something we we've actually had

1316
00:50:02,790 --> 00:50:00,960
something

1317
00:50:04,870 --> 00:50:02,800
some actually very in-depth

1318
00:50:07,349 --> 00:50:04,880
discussions with parties about

1319
00:50:09,510 --> 00:50:07,359
um it could potentially not only be your

1320
00:50:11,190 --> 00:50:09,520
electroactive polymer doing the motion

1321
00:50:14,230 --> 00:50:11,200
doing the life like what's also called

1322
00:50:17,349 --> 00:50:14,240
biomimetic motion but could pack perhaps

1323
00:50:20,950 --> 00:50:17,359
um with the controls in place also have

1324
00:50:22,790 --> 00:50:20,960
a dual use as a sensate or a sensor and

1325
00:50:25,190 --> 00:50:22,800
then in the prosthetics industry that

1326
00:50:27,750 --> 00:50:25,200
would be wonderful to tie in with the

1327
00:50:29,430 --> 00:50:27,760
you know the bio feedback

1328
00:50:31,270 --> 00:50:29,440
so

1329
00:50:33,589 --> 00:50:31,280
another question on the threat bro

1330
00:50:35,670 --> 00:50:33,599
stewardmoney interspace.net again and my

1331
00:50:37,190 --> 00:50:35,680
question is for mike and maybe for

1332
00:50:39,670 --> 00:50:37,200
both of you too as well could you

1333
00:50:42,230 --> 00:50:39,680
address the intellectual property

1334
00:50:44,470 --> 00:50:42,240
benefits of of working with cases i mean

1335
00:50:46,870 --> 00:50:44,480
that's got to be a major component of

1336
00:50:48,470 --> 00:50:46,880
the corporation's decision to to put the

1337
00:50:51,190 --> 00:50:48,480
kind of resources into it sort of the

1338
00:50:52,870 --> 00:50:51,200
guarantees and what it's

1339
00:50:55,910 --> 00:50:52,880
what is that environment from a from a

1340
00:50:59,829 --> 00:50:58,390
i think going into this we basically

1341
00:51:01,349 --> 00:50:59,839
said the emphasis should be on

1342
00:51:03,910 --> 00:51:01,359
publishing

1343
00:51:04,950 --> 00:51:03,920
and and not worry about the

1344
00:51:06,870 --> 00:51:04,960
ip

1345
00:51:08,390 --> 00:51:06,880
and the general agreement is is that the

1346
00:51:10,309 --> 00:51:08,400
research that we do

1347
00:51:12,069 --> 00:51:10,319
we're going to offer to the broader

1348
00:51:14,309 --> 00:51:12,079
research community

1349
00:51:16,950 --> 00:51:14,319
that that's what we went in from our

1350
00:51:19,190 --> 00:51:16,960
perspective going into this

1351
00:51:21,109 --> 00:51:19,200
and that's you know

1352
00:51:23,589 --> 00:51:21,119
that's how we handle it merck

1353
00:51:26,470 --> 00:51:23,599
okay for for a small startup high tech

1354
00:51:28,630 --> 00:51:26,480
um ip is our bread and butter it is what

1355
00:51:31,270 --> 00:51:28,640
we are so that was one thing i i did

1356
00:51:33,910 --> 00:51:31,280
have my um patent attorney vet

1357
00:51:37,510 --> 00:51:33,920
and um but actually the the cases

1358
00:51:39,270 --> 00:51:37,520
project was very respectful of raslab's

1359
00:51:41,589 --> 00:51:39,280
ip and

1360
00:51:43,589 --> 00:51:41,599
since some of this will be very kind of

1361
00:51:45,670 --> 00:51:43,599
theoretical as well that's what i tend

1362
00:51:48,710 --> 00:51:45,680
to do is publish theory republican

1363
00:51:52,390 --> 00:51:48,720
theory and uh patent formulations and

1364
00:51:54,470 --> 00:51:52,400
actuations so um so i've kind of i split

1365
00:51:58,150 --> 00:51:54,480
my business into kind of two hats if you

1366
00:52:00,069 --> 00:51:58,160
will but cases has the the the whole uh

1367
00:52:02,309 --> 00:52:00,079
vehicle of it was very respectful of our

1368
00:52:03,990 --> 00:52:02,319
company's ip

1369
00:52:05,510 --> 00:52:04,000
yeah so from casey's perspective it

1370
00:52:06,950 --> 00:52:05,520
begins with the discussion what the

1371
00:52:08,549 --> 00:52:06,960
interests are and

1372
00:52:09,910 --> 00:52:08,559
the return on investment that we're

1373
00:52:12,309 --> 00:52:09,920
seeking to create on the international

1374
00:52:13,910 --> 00:52:12,319
space station in some cases that ties

1375
00:52:16,390 --> 00:52:13,920
directly back to publishing and getting

1376
00:52:18,790 --> 00:52:16,400
as much information available as you can

1377
00:52:20,790 --> 00:52:18,800
out to the community and in some cases

1378
00:52:23,510 --> 00:52:20,800
as paul just indicated industry is

1379
00:52:26,150 --> 00:52:23,520
strongly behind that in other cases as

1380
00:52:27,910 --> 00:52:26,160
as dr rasmussen just indicated there

1381
00:52:29,430 --> 00:52:27,920
needs to be protection up front for the

1382
00:52:31,270 --> 00:52:29,440
intellectual property that comes from

1383
00:52:32,950 --> 00:52:31,280
that and sometimes that intellectual

1384
00:52:34,470 --> 00:52:32,960
property protection

1385
00:52:36,069 --> 00:52:34,480
needs to stay with the company for a

1386
00:52:37,430 --> 00:52:36,079
very long time in other cases it just

1387
00:52:39,349 --> 00:52:37,440
needs to be embargoed for a certain

1388
00:52:41,030 --> 00:52:39,359
amount of time so again it all begins

1389
00:52:42,549 --> 00:52:41,040
with a discussion about what your needs

1390
00:52:44,829 --> 00:52:42,559
are and what you need to protect and

1391
00:52:51,190 --> 00:52:44,839
then there are ways to work forward with

1392
00:52:55,510 --> 00:52:53,750
val phillips zero g news it's actually a

1393
00:52:57,430 --> 00:52:55,520
question about your particular

1394
00:52:59,910 --> 00:52:57,440
experiment this time out from my

1395
00:53:02,230 --> 00:52:59,920
understanding it's a dry version of your

1396
00:53:05,750 --> 00:53:02,240
of the individual materials

1397
00:53:07,190 --> 00:53:05,760
but long term it needs to be into a

1398
00:53:08,230 --> 00:53:07,200
moist solution

1399
00:53:10,790 --> 00:53:08,240
so

1400
00:53:11,910 --> 00:53:10,800
um how will that

1401
00:53:14,549 --> 00:53:11,920
isn't there going to be some kind of

1402
00:53:19,510 --> 00:53:14,559
differential into how that is going to

1403
00:53:23,349 --> 00:53:20,950
no no that's a good question i can

1404
00:53:25,670 --> 00:53:23,359
clarify um this is just one sample you

1405
00:53:27,990 --> 00:53:25,680
know one matrix and it's all of these

1406
00:53:29,589 --> 00:53:28,000
are moist and it's little climate there

1407
00:53:31,430 --> 00:53:29,599
will be four of them two of them are my

1408
00:53:33,670 --> 00:53:31,440
generation three material two of them

1409
00:53:36,790 --> 00:53:33,680
are my generation a fourth generation

1410
00:53:38,710 --> 00:53:36,800
material so two two and then of each

1411
00:53:40,470 --> 00:53:38,720
generation one is in a moist

1412
00:53:42,870 --> 00:53:40,480
microclimate one is in a dry

1413
00:53:44,470 --> 00:53:42,880
microclimate because i anticipate that i

1414
00:53:46,870 --> 00:53:44,480
will see some differences particularly

1415
00:53:49,190 --> 00:53:46,880
with some of the harder

1416
00:53:50,630 --> 00:53:49,200
particulate radiation between the moist

1417
00:53:51,589 --> 00:53:50,640
and the dry and i want to investigate

1418
00:53:53,750 --> 00:53:51,599
that

1419
00:53:57,430 --> 00:53:53,760
so to answer your question um it's a

1420
00:53:59,589 --> 00:53:57,440
good question it's it's a good

1421
00:54:01,349 --> 00:53:59,599
you'd be great at scientific designing

1422
00:54:05,349 --> 00:54:01,359
experiments and what we've done is we've

1423
00:54:07,109 --> 00:54:05,359
done we've we've been able to capture um

1424
00:54:08,230 --> 00:54:07,119
four different scenarios with a

1425
00:54:10,549 --> 00:54:08,240
different with

1426
00:54:12,549 --> 00:54:10,559
you know a whole matrix that they're

1427
00:54:14,630 --> 00:54:12,559
each going to go under um but we're

1428
00:54:16,950 --> 00:54:14,640
covering four different scenarios which

1429
00:54:17,910 --> 00:54:16,960
include include both a moist and a dry

1430
00:54:21,990 --> 00:54:17,920
exp

1431
00:54:25,750 --> 00:54:22,000
so we'll be able to analyze all that and

1432
00:54:28,069 --> 00:54:25,760
compare it to the experiment on earth

1433
00:54:31,190 --> 00:54:28,079
uh jim siegel from the celebration news

1434
00:54:34,150 --> 00:54:31,200
and from space flight and her insider a

1435
00:54:35,109 --> 00:54:34,160
question either for dr costello or dr

1436
00:54:38,069 --> 00:54:35,119
roberts

1437
00:54:41,430 --> 00:54:38,079
regarding getting back to the issue of

1438
00:54:43,670 --> 00:54:41,440
iss as a national laboratory

1439
00:54:44,710 --> 00:54:43,680
i'm interested in giving my readers some

1440
00:54:47,829 --> 00:54:44,720
sort of

1441
00:54:49,349 --> 00:54:47,839
perspective or metric or metrics

1442
00:54:50,390 --> 00:54:49,359
regarding

1443
00:54:53,349 --> 00:54:50,400
how many

1444
00:54:56,710 --> 00:54:53,359
experiments or solutions or whatever you

1445
00:54:59,030 --> 00:54:56,720
want to call them uh have come have been

1446
00:55:00,549 --> 00:54:59,040
launched or been done

1447
00:55:03,190 --> 00:55:00,559
from uh

1448
00:55:05,990 --> 00:55:03,200
from the point of view of benefiting

1449
00:55:07,589 --> 00:55:06,000
mankind rather than space exploration do

1450
00:55:10,870 --> 00:55:07,599
you measure those in

1451
00:55:13,109 --> 00:55:10,880
missions or in experiments or and how

1452
00:55:15,349 --> 00:55:13,119
many of those have been have been 10 100

1453
00:55:17,349 --> 00:55:15,359
1 000

1454
00:55:20,150 --> 00:55:17,359
roughly

1455
00:55:22,789 --> 00:55:20,160
that's a good question and uh the

1456
00:55:25,109 --> 00:55:22,799
statistics bear that out in the split

1457
00:55:27,589 --> 00:55:25,119
between the the national lab the the

1458
00:55:29,670 --> 00:55:27,599
cases investigations and then the nasa

1459
00:55:32,309 --> 00:55:29,680
investigations many of the nasa

1460
00:55:34,069 --> 00:55:32,319
traditional investigations have also had

1461
00:55:35,750 --> 00:55:34,079
earth benefits

1462
00:55:37,910 --> 00:55:35,760
in the last press conference we talked

1463
00:55:40,230 --> 00:55:37,920
about the nutrition investigation and

1464
00:55:42,789 --> 00:55:40,240
how that led to changes in the usda

1465
00:55:43,829 --> 00:55:42,799
requirements for vitamin d

1466
00:55:46,950 --> 00:55:43,839
so

1467
00:55:49,109 --> 00:55:46,960
but looking at the cases investigations

1468
00:55:51,109 --> 00:55:49,119
cases has been running for the past

1469
00:55:54,309 --> 00:55:51,119
several years three years and and

1470
00:55:57,030 --> 00:55:54,319
typically in that time 25 to

1471
00:55:59,750 --> 00:55:57,040
30 percent of the the crew time and

1472
00:56:02,309 --> 00:55:59,760
investigations have been

1473
00:56:04,230 --> 00:56:02,319
specifically case investigations focused

1474
00:56:07,109 --> 00:56:04,240
on those earth benefits and when you

1475
00:56:09,910 --> 00:56:07,119
figure out that we've got 150 to 200

1476
00:56:12,870 --> 00:56:09,920
investigations each increment pair that

1477
00:56:15,510 --> 00:56:12,880
means you've got 30 to 60 investigations

1478
00:56:17,430 --> 00:56:15,520
probably per increment pair

1479
00:56:19,109 --> 00:56:17,440
that are really focused on those goals

1480
00:56:21,829 --> 00:56:19,119
and then on top of all that we have the

1481
00:56:23,750 --> 00:56:21,839
nasa investigations which are being used

1482
00:56:25,510 --> 00:56:23,760
not only to help with our space

1483
00:56:27,670 --> 00:56:25,520
exploration goals but

1484
00:56:28,950 --> 00:56:27,680
what knowledge we do gain that benefits

1485
00:56:31,190 --> 00:56:28,960
people

1486
00:56:33,190 --> 00:56:31,200
the way we live down here on earth is

1487
00:56:35,829 --> 00:56:33,200
translated to the public

1488
00:56:37,270 --> 00:56:35,839
so many experiments whatever i mean are

1489
00:56:41,430 --> 00:56:37,280
we talking about

1490
00:56:44,069 --> 00:56:41,440
hundreds since 2005 or thousands or 5

1491
00:56:46,710 --> 00:56:44,079
000 or can you say hundreds we've we've

1492
00:56:49,829 --> 00:56:46,720
had over a thousand experiments to date

1493
00:56:51,190 --> 00:56:49,839
uh on on the iss from the from the u.s

1494
00:56:53,829 --> 00:56:51,200
investigators

1495
00:56:56,230 --> 00:56:53,839
and uh we have over 1600 publications

1496
00:56:59,990 --> 00:56:56,240
already so with each increment pair

1497
00:57:02,549 --> 00:57:00,000
adding another 200 300 investigations

1498
00:57:05,589 --> 00:57:02,559
we're seeing that number increase

1499
00:57:07,670 --> 00:57:05,599
steadily and very quickly and cases is

1500
00:57:09,190 --> 00:57:07,680
is starting to fill out their allocation

1501
00:57:11,990 --> 00:57:09,200
of 50 percent of the national lab

1502
00:57:13,190 --> 00:57:12,000
resources and and they're coming along

1503
00:57:15,750 --> 00:57:13,200
quickly

1504
00:57:17,670 --> 00:57:15,760
yeah so as kurt said iss national lab is

1505
00:57:19,910 --> 00:57:17,680
obviously you can tell from the timeline

1506
00:57:21,750 --> 00:57:19,920
predates the existence of cases and what

1507
00:57:24,230 --> 00:57:21,760
we're trying to do now is

1508
00:57:26,390 --> 00:57:24,240
fill up our allocation that's given to

1509
00:57:28,470 --> 00:57:26,400
us as nasa's fast as we can and i think

1510
00:57:30,230 --> 00:57:28,480
we're succeeding wildly there

1511
00:57:32,069 --> 00:57:30,240
we're starting to run up against some

1512
00:57:34,230 --> 00:57:32,079
constraints on crew time

1513
00:57:35,910 --> 00:57:34,240
in that we've got more customers lined

1514
00:57:37,349 --> 00:57:35,920
up than we have crew time to support

1515
00:57:41,030 --> 00:57:37,359
their investigations and that's where

1516
00:57:42,549 --> 00:57:41,040
the prioritization part comes into it so

1517
00:57:43,829 --> 00:57:42,559
up until the time that we get to add

1518
00:57:46,230 --> 00:57:43,839
another crew member we're going to

1519
00:57:48,309 --> 00:57:46,240
continue to to push the the boundaries

1520
00:57:51,190 --> 00:57:48,319
of that envelope of crew time

1521
00:57:53,510 --> 00:57:51,200
as best we can

1522
00:57:56,309 --> 00:57:53,520
and its commercial crew will enable

1523
00:57:58,549 --> 00:57:56,319
adding another crew member

1524
00:58:00,630 --> 00:57:58,559
so that's all the time we have for today

1525
00:58:02,870 --> 00:58:00,640
thank you all for joining us

1526
00:58:05,349 --> 00:58:02,880
stay tuned to nasa television coming up

1527
00:58:07,430 --> 00:58:05,359
next at 5 pm eastern is our pre-launch

1528
00:58:09,430 --> 00:58:07,440
news briefing to update the status of

1529
00:58:12,789 --> 00:58:09,440
preparations for tomorrow's launch which

1530
00:58:14,470 --> 00:58:12,799
is scheduled for 4 33 pm eastern time

1531
00:58:16,950 --> 00:58:14,480
you can follow along with our

1532
00:58:20,870 --> 00:58:16,960
researchers and these studies in orbit

1533
00:58:25,190 --> 00:58:22,710
station and you can follow all the